Menopause means the last menstrual bleeding. The period of +/- 5 years around this is called the climacteric. It is a natural process but it can cause many unpleasant symptoms. On average, the last monthly bleeding occurs around the age of 50-52. The fluctuating hormone levels that precede it can cause bleeding disorders, mood swings, hot flashes and weight gain, which most women find difficult to cope with. The lack of ovarian hormones increases the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity and frequent loss of libido, vaginal dryness and urinary difficulties.

Lifestyle changes and hormone replacement therapy can help during this period. In many cases, understanding the process will also help you to accept the changes more easily.

Screening for cervical and breast cancer is advised even after menopause.